بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
وَأَتِمُّواْ ٱلۡحَجَّ وَٱلۡعُمۡرَةَ لِلَّهِۚ فَإِنۡ أُحۡصِرۡتُمۡ فَمَا ٱسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ ٱلۡهَدۡىِۖ وَلَا تَحۡلِقُواْ رُءُوسَكُمۡ حَتَّىٰ يَبۡلُغَ ٱلۡهَدۡىُ مَحِلَّهُ ۥۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوۡ بِهِۦۤ أَذً۬ى مِّن رَّأۡسِهِۦ فَفِدۡيَةٌ۬ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوۡ صَدَقَةٍ أَوۡ نُسُكٍ۬ۚ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمۡ فَمَن تَمَتَّعَ بِٱلۡعُمۡرَةِ إِلَى ٱلۡحَجِّ فَمَا ٱسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ ٱلۡهَدۡىِۚ فَمَن لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَـٰثَةِ أَيَّامٍ۬ فِى ٱلۡحَجِّ وَسَبۡعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعۡتُمۡۗ تِلۡكَ عَشَرَةٌ۬ كَامِلَةٌ۬ۗ ذَٲلِكَ لِمَن لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ أَهۡلُهُ ۥ حَاضِرِى ٱلۡمَسۡجِدِ ٱلۡحَرَامِۚ وَٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعۡلَمُوٓاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلۡعِقَابِ
“Accomplish the Hajj and the ‘Umrah for Allah, but if you are restricted, then (sacrifice) whatever animal of offering is available, and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its place. But if anyone of you is ill, or has some trouble with his scalp, then there is a ransom through fasting or alms giving or sacrifice. And when you are safe, then, whoever avails the advantage of the ‘Umrah along with the Hajj shall make an offering of whatever animal is available. However, any one who finds none shall fast for three days during Hajj, and for seven days when you return; thus they are ten in all. This is for him whose family folk are not residents of Al-Masjid-ul-Haram. Fear Allah and be aware that Allah is severe in punishment.” (196)
Ruling: “Accomplish the Hajj and the ‘Umrah for Allah” This verse does not establish the fardiyya of either hajj or umrah. The fardiyya of hajj was established by the verse in surah Ali-Imran revealed in 3rd year of hijra, whereas these verses were revealed some years later in the year of Hudaybiyya. This verse is only conveying important rulings related to both hajj and umrah. (Maarif Al Quran V1 pg 491)
Ruling: “but if you are restricted, then (sacrifice) whatever animal of offering is available, and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches its place. But if anyone of you is ill, or has some trouble with his scalp, then there is a ransom through fasting or alms giving.” The above verses are in regards to Ihsaar or the state where one is prevented from going to the haram and completing his hajj. When somebody puts ihram on for hajj or umrah, it becomes necessary that he completes it. So, if someone is prevented from completing his hajj because of fear of an enemy, sickness etc., it is necessary that a hady or sacrificial animal which he can afford be purchased and sacrificed to get out of the state of Ihram. It will be sent with some others on the way to the haram, and slaughtered on the day you commanded them and specified to them to slaughter it on. Once certainty is reached that the animal has been slaughtered in the sacred precincts, then one can shave his head and, come out of the state of ihram. The slaughtering of the sheep is the thing which removes you from the state of ihram according to Imam Abu Hanifa in the situation of ihsaar, not the shaving of the head. This hajj or umrah he was prevented from completing will need to be done qada of in the future. (Maarif Al Quran V1 pg 492)
Ruling: “But if anyone of you is ill, or has some trouble with his scalp, then there is a ransom through fasting or alms giving.” It is forbidden to shave or trim the hair in the state of ihram. If someone has lice, headache, or any illness in regards to his head while on the state of ihram, he will be allowed to cut his hair in the state of ihram, but will pay compensation for this. This compensation can be given by slaughtering an animal and must be conducted in the haram. He also has the choice to fast for three days or give half a saa of wheat (1.632kg) to six needy people. (Maarif Al Quran V1 pg 493)
Ruling: Qiraan is when one enters into the state of ihraam for hajj and umrah right from the meeqat. In this method, the release of the ihraam is tied with the release from the ihraam of hajj. He must stay in a state of ihraam till the last day of hajj. Tamattu is when one enters into the ihraam of umrah from the meeqat in the months of hajj, then after performing the rites of umrah, he gets out of the state of ihraam. When getting ready to go to mina on the eighth of Dhul-Hijjah, he should re-enter into the ihraam from the haram. Ifraad is when one enters into the state of ihraam for hajj alone. If he did tamattu or qiraan, he will need to slaughter a goat or one seventh of a camel or a cow. According to Abu Hanifa this sacrifice is known as the sacrifice of gratitude or damu shukr. If the one who performed tamattu or qiraan could not afford this sacrifice of gratitude, he will need to fast three days in the days of hajj, before the day of arafah, then seven fasts after the hajj, so 10 fasts altogether. However, if he misses the three days in the days of hajj, then he must slaughter the animal. (Maarif Al Quran V1 pg 495)
Ruling: Only those living outside the meeqat can perform qiran and tamattu, those living within the meeqat must perform an ifraad hajj because it is not difficult for them to return to do umrah outside the hajj months. (Maarif Al Quran V1 pg 494)
