\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n
The Meanings of the Preposition \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n The \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645 is the sixth \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631 (preposition) listed by the author of Hid\u0101yatun Na<\/em>\u1e25<\/em>w<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n It gives jarr<\/em> (the genitive case) to both an \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 (apparent\/visible word) and a \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 (personal pronoun).<\/span><\/p>\n Example of an \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 (apparent\/visible word):\u00a0 \u0644\u0650\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064d\u0648<\/span><\/p>\n An example of a dham\u012br<\/em> : \u0644\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n The preposition \u0644 comes for five meanings or usages.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n The first meaning<\/strong> is: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 (specifying) which means to establish one thing for another and negating it from all others.<\/span><\/p>\n Then the specification is either be<\/span><\/p>\n Another example is like in the saying of All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0640\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u06d7<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cTo All\u0101h belongs what is in the heavens and what is in the earth.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n (This example is specifying that all that is in the heavens and earth belongs to All\u0101h alone.)<\/span><\/p>\n The second meaning <\/strong>is: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 (citing reason).<\/span><\/p>\n There are two types of reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n One it where the reason is the final objective, like in the example \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0650- I hit him to discipline him. The reason for hitting was to discipline and \u2018discipline\u2019 is the final objective of the action of hitting.<\/span><\/p>\n The second is where the reason is that which pushes you to do something, like in the example: \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0650\u0643- I left for fear of you.\u00a0 The fear was the cause or what \u2018pushed\u2019 me to leave. Leaving was not end limit \/goal \/objective.<\/span><\/p>\n The third usage<\/strong> is: \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (extra). This entails that the meaning of the sentence will not change with the falling off\/dropping of the preposition \u0644. For example: \u0631\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0641\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0641\u0643\u0645 \u201cClose behind you.\u201d (Removing the preposition \u0644, would not change the meaning.)<\/span><\/p>\n The fourth usage <\/strong>is in the meaning of \u0639\u0646:\u00a0 This is when the preposition \u0644 is used with \u0642\u0648\u0644 and those words which are derived from it, like in the verse:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u06da<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAnd those who disbelieve say of <\/strong>those who believe, if it had truly been good, they would not have preceded us to it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n In the verse \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e means \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e.<\/span><\/p>\n The fifth usage <\/strong>is: in the meaning of \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0648 for \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (swearing) on the name of Allah at the time of amazement.\u00a0 It will not be used except in great matters.\u00a0 For example, in the statement of Huzali:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0630\u064f\u0648 \u062d\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064d\u00a0 *\u00a0 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062e\u0650\u0631\u0651\u064d \u0628\u0650\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064f<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cBy<\/strong> All\u0101h, not even the one that has horns will remain with the passing of days<\/span><\/p>\n In lofty mountains in which there are clematis and myrtle.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u062f is the plural of \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 and it refers to the curves in the horns of the mountain goat (ibex), \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u062e\u0631 refers to a lofty\/high mountain, \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064a\u0627\u0646 is the name of a pleasant\/good smelling flower, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633 is a well-known tree and it is the raih\u0101n<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n The meaning of the poem is: \u201cBy Allah nothing will remain by the vicissitudes of time (i.e. by the passing of time of this world), and no one will survive from the calamities which occur in time, not even this ibex which takes refuge in lofty mountains.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n The citation in this poem is \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0647as the \u0644 in it is in the meaning of \u0648.<\/span><\/p>\n Sometimes \u0644 comes in the meaning of \u0641\u064a (in) like in the saying of All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0637\u064e \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAnd we will place the scales of justice on<\/strong> the Day of Resurrection.\u201d[i]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629 In the meaning of \u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n Sometimes \u0644 comes in the meaning of \u0627\u0644\u0649 (to) just as All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064c \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0651\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0649<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cEach running its course to a specified time.\u201d[ii]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u064d in the meaning of \u0627\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n Sometimes \u0644 comes in the meaning of \u0628\u0639\u062f (after) just as All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0643\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cEstablish prayer after the decline of the sun.\u201d[iii]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0643\u0650 is in the meaning of \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong> \u062f\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n Sometimes \u0644 comes in the meaning of \u0645\u0639 (with) just as All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAnd when they had both submitted and he put him down with his forehead.\u201d[iv]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650 is in the meaning of \u0645\u0639<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n Sometimes \u0644 comes in the meaning of \u0641 (so) just as All\u0101h Ta\u02bf\u0101l\u0101 says:<\/span><\/p>\n \u0623\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u062a\u0651\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0641\u064e \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f \u062d\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cWhen I have died, so am I going to be brought forth alive?\u201d[v]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n \u0644\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0641\u064e is in the meaning of \u0641<\/strong>\u0633\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/p>\n [Si\u02bf\u0101yatun Na\u1e25w Pg.212-3 H.1]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n [i]<\/a> Al-Anbiy\u0101: 47<\/p>\n [ii]<\/a> Al-Ra\u02bfd: 2<\/p>\n [iii]<\/a> Al-Isr\u0101\u2019: 78<\/p>\n\n
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