{"id":5576,"date":"2017-01-21T18:11:56","date_gmt":"2017-01-21T22:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.co\/?p=5576"},"modified":"2017-01-21T18:11:56","modified_gmt":"2017-01-21T22:11:56","slug":"the-authoritative-nature-of-the-statements-of-the-sahabah-may-allah-be-pleased-with-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/?p=5576","title":{"rendered":"The Authoritative Nature of the Statements of the Sahabah (May Allah be pleased with them)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Sahabah \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 witnessed the Quran being revealed. They learnt the Deen directly from the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa and heard him explaining the Shariah. This is why the vast majority of the <em>mujtahidun<\/em> have used their statements as evidences. And why not? The Quran Majid, <em>Ahadith<\/em> of the Rasool \ufdfa and rational proofs all point to their statements being evidence in <em>Shariah<\/em>. <em>Allamah<\/em> Ibnul Qaiyyim Al-Jawziyyah has written extensively on the authoritative nature of Statements of the Sahabah (\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645) in his \u2018<em>E\u2019laaul Muwaqqi\u2019een<\/em>\u2019. He has mentioned over forty-five evidences, some containing sub parts, and has answered objections that may be raised on the issue. Here we will suffice on one verse and two hadiths on this issue.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Allah Ta\u2019ala proclaims in the Quran Majid, \u201cAnd the first forerunners among the Muhajireen and the Ansar and <strong>also those who followed them in righteousness<\/strong>. <u>Allah is pleased with them<\/u> as they are pleased with Him. He has prepared for them Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. This is the supreme success.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In this verse, Allah clearly states that he is pleased with those who follow the Sahabah Kiraam \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 in goodness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li>In a hadith collected by Imam Muslim in his \u2018Sahih\u2019,<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> Abu Musa \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 narrates that The Messenger of Allah \ufdfa said, \u201cThe stars are a source of security for the sky, and when the stars disappear, there will come to the sky what is promised. I am a source of security for my Companions, and when I am gone there will come to my Companions what they are promised. <strong>And my Companions are a source of security for my Ummah<\/strong>, and when my Companions are gone, there will come to my Ummah what they are promised.\u201d<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>The same way stars are a means of guidance and the Messenger \ufdfa is a source of Guidance, the Sahabah \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 are also a means and source of guidance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li>The Messenger of Allah \ufdfa said, \u201cI am leaving you upon a (path of) brightness whose night is like its day. No one will deviate from it after I am gone but one who is doomed. Whoever among you lives will see great conflict. <strong>I urge you to adhere to what you know of my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, and cling strongly to it.<\/strong>\u201d In another narration is ends off, \u201cAnd beware of newly-invented matters, for every newly-invented matter is an innovation and every innovation is a deviation.\u201d<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"4\">\n<li>From a rational point of view, the Sahabi\u2019s \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 statement has two possibilities.\n<ol>\n<li>He heard this ruling from the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa.<\/li>\n<li>He deduced it from his knowledge of <em>Shariah<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>It is clear from the practice of the Sahabah \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 that when they heard a hadith from the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa they sometimes narrate it as a hadith, while on other occasions they would pass a fatwa in accordance to the hadith without narrating it as a hadith. There is no doubt that any statement which has the possibility of being a hadith of the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa is preferred over any mujtahid\u2019s deduction. In the case where the <em>Sahabi <\/em>is prohibiting an action, then it is most likely that he heard it from the Messenger \ufdfa. This is so because the original state of actions is permissibility. Prohibition comes from Allah Ta\u2019ala and His <em>Rasool <\/em>\ufdfa. This type of statement of the <em>Sahabi<\/em> is known as \u2018<em>marfu\u2019 hukman\u2019<\/em> a hadith of the Messenger \ufdfa in ruling or in essence. In other words, it has the same ruling and authority as a hadith of the Messenger \ufdfa.<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>If, on the other hand, the <em>Sahabi<\/em> \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 deduced this ruling from his knowledge of <em>Shariah<\/em>, then this is still stronger than any later <em>mujtahid\u2019s<\/em> The <em>Sahabah<\/em> \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 were the students of the <em>Nabi <\/em>\ufdfa himself. They stayed in his company, witnessed the Quran being revealed and the laws of <em>Shariah<\/em> being laid down. They understood the meanings of the Arabic language and the style of speech of the <em>Nabi<\/em> \ufdfa\u00a0 better than any other scholar of Islam. No one understands the <em>Deen<\/em> better than they did. Therefore, a <em>Sahabi\u2019s<\/em> \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 deduction will be preferred over any other scholar\u2019s inference who did not witness what they did.<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">May Allah Ta\u2019ala make us amongst those who follow in the footsteps of the Sahabah \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 and may He resurrect us in their group on the Day of Judgement. Aameen<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> For details, refer to \u2018E\u2019laaul Muwaqqi\u2019een\u2019 by Ibnul Qaiyyim Vol.5 Pg.543-581 and Vol.6 Pg.5-40, \u2018Qawaid Fi Ulomil Hadith\u2019 Pg.128-131, Usulul Fiqh by Abu Zuhrah Pg.212-218, Usool Sarakhsi Vol.2 Pg.105-113<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> #2531<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> This is an authentic hadith of \u2018Sahih Muslim\u2019. It should not be confused with the hadith, \u2018My Companions are like the stars: whichever of them you follow, you will be guided.\u2019 The latter has many chains, all of which are weak. [See Al-Talkhisul Habir by Ibn Hajr Vol.6 Pg.3188] However, Baihaqi says that the hadith of Muslim fulfils part of the meaning of the weak hadith. Ibn Hajr comments, \u201cBaihaqi spoke the truth. It specifically fulfils the validity of comparing the Sahabah \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 with stars. As for \u2018following\u2019 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621), then it is not apparent in the hadith of Abu Musa. Yes, it is possible for it to be alluded to from the meaning of \u2018seeking guidance from the stars\u2019 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621).\u201d [ibid] After quoting the above, the expert of all Islamic sciences, Mulla Ali Qari reassures, \u201cIt is indeed clear that \u2018seeking guidance\u2019 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621) is a branch of \u2018following\u2019 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621).\u201d [Mirqatul Mafatih Vol.11 Pg.163]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> Sunan Ibn Majah # 43, Musnad Ahmed #17142, \u00a0Sunan Abu Dawud # 4607, Sunan Tirmithi #2676, Hakim in Mustadrak Vol.1 Pg.95, 96. Tirmithi, Bazzar, Hakim, Abu Nuaim, Ibn Abdil Barr and Zahabi all authenticated it. [Also see \u2018Jame Bayanil Ilm\u2019 Vol.1 Pg.924 and Jameul Uloom Vol.2 Pg.109]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> See \u2018Tadribur Raawi\u2019 by Suyuti Vol.3 Pg.114 Tahqiq Muhaddith Muhammad Awwamah<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> See Usoolus Sarakhsi Vol.2 Pg.108, Al-Fusool fi Usoolil Fiqh by Jassas Vol.3 Pg.361-363<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 The Sahabah \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 witnessed the Quran being revealed. They learnt the Deen directly from the Messenger of Allah \ufdfa&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[26,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-usulul-fiqh","category-usulul-hadith","wpcat-26-id","wpcat-27-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5576"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5576\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}