{"id":5462,"date":"2016-11-10T01:27:32","date_gmt":"2016-11-10T05:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.co\/?p=5462"},"modified":"2016-11-10T01:27:32","modified_gmt":"2016-11-10T05:27:32","slug":"shias-and-hadhrat-muawiyah-radhiyallahu-anhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fiqhulislam.com\/?p=5462","title":{"rendered":"Shias and Hadhrat Muawiyah Radhiyallahu Anhu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Foreword by Muft<\/strong>i<\/strong> Ebrah<\/strong>i<\/strong>m Desai <\/strong>S<\/strong>a<\/strong>h<\/strong>ib (<\/strong>H<\/strong>afidhahullah)<\/strong><\/p>\n

A loyal child is ultra-sensitive to the dignity of his father. If his father becomes a victim of undue humiliation, he would stand up to the occasion to defend the dignity and honour of his father.<\/p>\n

We are the spiritual children of the great and illustrious \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah of Rasullullah (\u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam). We are aware of their great sacrifices for D\u1fd1n. They earned and own an honourable position in Isl\u0101m.<\/p>\n

Every year, during the occasion of \u2018\u0100shura and in general, the honourable Sahabah (Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhum) are vilified. On this occasion, in context of the incident of Karbalah, the personality of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah (Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) is the greatest target of attack.<\/p>\n

There was a great need to highlight the great and illustrious personality of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and inculcate within us an admiration and reverence for him.<\/p>\n

Moul\u0101n\u0101 Mu\u2019\u0101dh Chati is a student of the D\u0101rul Iftaa. Allah has blessed him with great talents. He received a question on \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and the Sh\u1fd1\u2019ahs. In his response, he translated Moul\u0101n\u0101 Ma\u1e25m\u016bd Ashraf\u2019s book on the subject from Urdu. The work extensively highlights the many aspects of the life of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

I urge you to read this booklet on this occasion and circulate it as much as possible.<\/p>\n

May Allah accept the efforts of Moulana Mu\u2019\u0101dh. May the Ummah benefit from his knowledge and efforts. Ameen.<\/p>\n

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.<\/strong><\/p>\n

As-sal\u0101mu \u2018alaykum wa-rahmatull\u0101hi wa-barak\u0101tuh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Sh\u1fd1\u2019ah sect are well-known for their hatred for \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and the \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah in general.<\/p>\n

All the accusations hurled at \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu are either baseless or purposefully manipulated.<\/p>\n

As for the claim that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu used to curse \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu during his sermons (Khutbahs<\/em>), we will analyse this in detail.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Muft\u1fd1 Taq\u1fd1 Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum) has written a book in the Urdu language titled:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06c1 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and the Historical Realities\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Muft\u1fd1 Taq\u1fd1 Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum) writes:<\/p>\n

\u06c1\u0645\u06cc\u06ba \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u06a9\u0633\u06cc<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u06be\u06cc<\/strong> \u00a0\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong> \u00a0\u0645\u06cc\u06ba <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u06cc\u06c1<\/strong> \u00a0\u06a9\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/strong> \u00a0\u0646\u06c1\u06cc\u06ba<\/strong> \u00a0\u0645\u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u00a0\u06a9\u06c1<\/strong> \u00a0\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06c1<\/strong> \u00a0\u0631\u0636\u06cc<\/strong> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u06c1<\/strong> \u00a0“\u062e\u0648\u062f”<\/strong> \u00a0\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u06cc <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0631\u0636\u06cc<\/strong> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u06c1 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u06c1<\/strong> \u00a0\u067e\u0631 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0631<\/strong> \u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0628<\/strong> \u00a0\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0645<\/strong> \u00a0\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong> \u00a0\u0628\u0648\u0686\u06be\u0627\u0691<\/strong> \u00a0\u06a9\u0631\u062a\u06d2 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u06be\u06d2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI could not find in any book where it states that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would himself regularly curse and insult \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu whilst on the pulpit (Mimbar<\/em>)\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

After mentioning this, he analyses the claim that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would curse \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu during his sermons (Khutbahs<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Hadhrat Muft\u1fd1 Taq\u1fd1 Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum) mentions that instead of finding a narration stating that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would curse \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu during his sermons (Khutbahs<\/em>), he found many narrations which show that despite their differences, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had immense respect for \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

These narrations include:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) states:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0643\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f\u061f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0636\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0642\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen the news of [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u2019s death reached [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], he began to cry. So his wife said to him \u201care you crying for him even though you went to war against him?\u201d He replied \u201cIndeed you do not know what the people have lost in virtue, Fiqh<\/em> and knowledge [through \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s passing]\u201d[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Im\u0101m Ibn Al Ath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.630 AH) narrates that Busr ibn Ab\u1fd1 Art\u0101t said something harsh regarding \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in the presence of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and Zayd ibn \u2018Umar ibn Al Khatt\u0101b. Upon hearing this, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu rebuked him by saying:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cYou insult [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] [knowing that] he is his (Zayd ibn \u2018Umar ibn Al Khatt\u0101b\u2019s) grandfather?!\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) writes:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u061f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650! \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIt has reached us through many chains of narration that Ab\u016b Muslim Al Khawl\u0101n\u1fd1 and a group of people with him came to [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and asked him \u201cyou are dissenting with [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], [do you believe] you are equivalent to him in stature?\u201d He (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) replied \u201cI swear by Allah! Surely I know that he is superior, more virtuous and more worthy of leadership than me, however, do you not know that [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Uthm\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] was unjustly killed? And I am his cousin brother, I would like retribution for his blood and this is my right. So [go to \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and] tell him \u201chand over the killers of [Hadhrat] \u2018Uthm\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and I shall leave the caliphate for him\u201d\u201d. The group then went to [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and talked to him regarding what had transpired, however, [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] did not hand over the killers to him (due to the precarious position that he was in). At this point, the people [of Sh<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>] prepared to join [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] in war\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018All\u0101mah Ibn Al Ath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.630 AH) has narrated the final sermon (Khutbah<\/em>) of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, in which he said:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064e\u0651\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cNo one (i.e. a caliph) will come after me except that I am better than him just as those [caliphs] who came before me were better than me\u201d<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ibn \u2018Abdil Barr Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.463 AH) narrates that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu asked \u1e0car\u0101r \u1e62ud\u0101\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 to describe \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e0car\u0101r \u1e62ud\u0101\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 described \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu with touching words after which \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu remarked:<\/p>\n

\u0631\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMay Allah have mercy upon the father of \u1e24asan (\u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu), I swear by Allah, he was just as you have described him\u201d<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ibn \u2018Abdil Barr Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.463 AH) writes:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064d \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0642\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0637\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c[\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] would write down issues that would occur in order to consult [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 ibn Ab\u1fd1 \u1e6c\u0101lib [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] regarding them, so when the news of his (\u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s) death reached him (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu), he said \u201cFiqh and knowledge have gone through the death of Ibn Ab\u1fd1 \u1e6c\u0101lib (\u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu)\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

In fact, there was mutual respect between \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Is\u1e25\u0101q ibn R\u0101hwayh Ra\u1e25imahullah narrates the following incident through a chain of narration:<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0635\u0650\u0641\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064c \u0632\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOn the day of the Battle of the camel and the day of the Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n, [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] heard a man speak harshly regarding the opposition, he [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] responded: \u201cdo not say anything except good, indeed they are people who feel that we have rebelled against them and we feel that they have rebelled against us, and for this reason we have gone to war against them\u201d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) reports that when \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu returned from the Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n, he said:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650! \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0624\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0633\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh people! Do not disapprove of the governance of [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] because indeed if you lose him, you will see heads roll off their shoulders as though they are colocynths falling off trees\u201d[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

At this juncture, we feel that it is important to clarify a narration found in the books of \u1e24ad\u1fd1th.<\/p>\n

\u2018\u0100mir ibn Sa\u2019d ibn Abi Waqq\u0101s narrates on the authority of his father:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0633\u064f\u0641\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u061f<\/strong> \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064f \u062b\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062e\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u062e\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u061f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e “\u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650\u0649\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0649\u061f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652” \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0631\u064e “\u0644\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f” \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e “\u0627\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627” \u0641\u064e\u0623\u064f\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0622\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e “\u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652” \u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u062d\u064f\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c[\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah ibn Ab\u1fd1 Sufy\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] appointed Sa\u2019d as a governor and said: \u201cWhat prevents you from insulting Ab\u016b Tur\u0101b (\u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu)?\u201d He (\u1e24adhrat Sa\u2019d Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) said: It is because of three things which I remember Allah’s Messenger \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam to have said about him that I would not insult him and even if I find one of those three things for me, it would be more dear to me than red camels. I heard Allah’s Messenger \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam speak regarding [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] when he left him behind in one of his campaigns. [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] said to him: \u201cOh Allah\u2019s Messenger, you leave me behind along with women and children?\u201d. Thereupon Allah\u2019s Messenger \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said to him: \u201cAren’t you satisfied with being unto me what Har\u016bn was unto M\u016bs\u0101 but with the exception that there is no Prophethood after me\u201d. And I (also) heard him say on the Day of Khaibar<\/em>: \u201cI will certainly give this standard to a person who loves Allah and His Messenger, and Allah and His Messenger love him too\u201d. He (the narrator) said: \u201cWe had been anxiously waiting for it, when he (the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam) said: \u201cCall [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d. He was called and his eyes were inflamed. He (\u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam) applied saliva to his eyes and handed over the standard to him, and Allah gave him victory. (The third occasion is) when the (following) verse was revealed: “Let us summon our children and your children.” Allah\u2019s Messenger \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam called [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], [\u1e24adhrat] F\u0101\u1e6dima [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], [\u1e24adhrat] \u1e24asan [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and [\u1e24adhrat] \u1e24usain [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and said: \u201cO Allah, they are my family.\u201d\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

The expert scholars of \u1e24ad\u1fd1th have stated the following[9]<\/a>:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not command \u1e24adhrat Sa\u2019d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Waqq\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu to insult \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu wanted to inquire as to why \u1e24adhrat Sa\u2019d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Waqq\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had remained impartial in the dispute between \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The word \u201c\u0633\u0628<\/strong>\u201d does not mean \u2018to insult\u2019, rather, it means \u2018to rebuke\u2019. An example of this may be seen in the following \u1e24ad\u1fd1th wherein the word \u201c\u0633\u0628<\/strong>\u201d has been attributed to the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101dh ibn Jabal Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu states that during the Battle of Tab\u016bk<\/em>, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u063a\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0652\u062d\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0622\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIf Allah wills, you shall reach by tomorrow the fountain of Tab\u016bk<\/em> and you should not come to it until it is dawn, and he who happens to go there from amongst you should not touch its water until I come\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101dh ibn Jabal Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu states:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0636\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e “\u0647\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627\u061f” \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWe came to it (the fountain) and two persons (from amongst us) reached the fountain ahead of us. It was a thin flow of water like the shoelace with a small amount of water coming out. Allah’s Messenger \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam asked them whether they had touched the water, they said \u201cyes\u201d. Allah’s Messenger \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallamrebuked them, and he said to them what he had to say by the will of Allah\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Finally, in analysing this accusation made by the Sh\u1fd1\u2019\u0101hs, \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Taymiyyah Ra\u1e25imahullah states in Minh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>j Al Sunnah Al Nabawiyyah<\/em>:<\/p>\n

\u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0629\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIt is surprising that the Sh\u1fd1\u2019\u0101hs disapprove of cursing [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] while they curse [\u1e24adhrat] Ab\u016b Bakr [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Umar [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Uthm\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and also label them as disbelievers\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the final part of \u1e24adhrat Muft\u1fd1 Taq\u1fd1 Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum)\u2019s book, a short treatise has been written by Moul\u0101n\u0101 Ma\u1e25m\u016bd Ashraf Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum) titled:<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06c1 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0648\u0631 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06d2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], his Personality, his Character and his Accolades\u201d<\/p>\n

This treatise was written upon the request of \u1e24adhrat Muft\u1fd1 Taq\u1fd1 Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum) who states that he has reviewed the treatise and found it to be a very well prepared and thorough research.<\/p>\n

We have translated this section and present it here.<\/p>\n

Moul\u0101n\u0101 Ma\u1e25m\u016bd Ashraf Uthm\u0101n\u1fd1 \u1e62\u0101\u1e25ib (D\u0101mat Barak\u0101tuhum) writes:<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu<\/strong>, <\/strong>his Personality, his Character and his Accolades<\/strong><\/p>\n

The illustrious \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101b\u1fd1, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, is from amongst those few invaluable individuals from the history of Isl\u0101m who the Muslim nation can never repay for their favours. He was from amongst the few elderly companions of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam who were granted the honour of constantly being in the companionship of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam as well as the honour of writing the revelations that he received from Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

He is an undermined personality in Isl\u0101m whose good qualities, personal rectitude, and accolades have not only been ignored, but an active effort has been made to hide them. Baseless accusations have been hurled at \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and he has been accused of doing things which even a pious person would not do, let alone a \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101b\u1fd1.<\/p>\n

It is due to this intense propaganda that has been launched against \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu that the eyes of the people have been blinded from his amazing character and personality which were developed through a companionship with the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam. The result is that people now only associate \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu with the Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n, which was fought against \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

As for the fact that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was a great \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101b\u1fd1 of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, that he diligently fulfilled the delicate task of writing down the divine revelation, that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam made many supplications (du\u2019<\/em>\u0101<\/em>s<\/em>) for him, that a scrupulous individual such as \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu recognised his calibre, that he was the first individual to prepare an expedition across water in the history of Isl\u0101m, that he spent a great period of his life carrying out a noble war (Jih\u0101d) against the Byzantine Christians and humiliated them in each campaign; today the world has forgotten these facts.<\/p>\n

Yes, people today do know that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had a war with \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, but who conquered Cyprus, Rhodes, Sicily and Sudan? After years of inner turmoil, who bought the Muslim nation back under one flag? The obligation of a noble war (Jih\u0101d) which had almost become extinct, who bought it back to life? And who, during his governance, became a great example of displaying bravery, persistence, knowledge, action, honesty and reliability in the face of new situations? All of these things have become hidden in the far-fetching web of propaganda that has been spread against \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

The purpose of this treatise is to bring forward the supreme feats achieved by \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. This treatise does not cover his entire lifetime\u2019s accolades, rather, it is those selected moments of his life which have been embedded into history in such a way that they have become invisible to the eyes of the people. By studying these selected moments of his life, one will be able to picture \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in a manner that will suffice for all times.<\/p>\n

I hope that by studying this treatise, the reader will be able to briefly see who this illustrious personality was from the history of Isl\u0101m.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Early Life<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was from the popular and famous tribe of Quraish, which was a tribe known throughout the entire \u2018Arab world for its honour, acceptance, generosity, and altruism. This tribe had the honour of being the tribe to which the leader of the two worlds, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, was born.<\/p>\n

From amongst the families of the tribe of Quraish, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was from the family of Ban\u016b Umayyah, which was considered the most respected family after the family of Ban\u016b H\u0101shim.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s father, \u1e24adharat Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, was a respected member of his family and a renowned leader of his tribe before accepting Isl\u0101m.[13]<\/a> \u1e24adharat Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu accepted Isl\u0101m during the conquest of Makah and upon his acceptance of Isl\u0101m, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam expressed great happiness and announced:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0633\u064f\u0641\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0622\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhosoever enters the house of Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n shall be granted amnesty\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Even before accepting Isl\u0101m, \u1e24adharat Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had great personal qualities and an honourable character.<\/p>\n

\u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) writes:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cHe was a leader [of his people] whose command would be obeyed and who was considered from amongst the wealthy people\u201d[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

After accepting Isl\u0101m, \u1e24adharat Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu remained in the company of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and participated in the Battle of \u1e24unayn and the Battle of Yarm\u016bk until he passed away in the 31st<\/sup>year after Hijrah.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was born 5 years after the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam was granted Prophethood. From a young age, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was a determined and empowered individual. In fact, when \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was 9 years of age, \u1e24adharat Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu looked at him and said:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0642\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMy son has a great mind, indeed he is worthy of becoming the leader of his people\u201d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

When \u1e24adharat Ab\u016b Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s wife, \u1e24adharat Hindah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anha, the mother of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, heard this, she said:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0637\u0652\u061f \u062b\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0633\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOnly of his people? I would cry for him if he does not become the leader of the entire \u2018Arab world\u201d<\/p>\n

Similarly, an \u2018Arab physiognomist saw \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu when he was a child and exclaimed:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0638\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI think that this child shall soon be a leader of his people\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s parents gave \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu a special upbringing and taught him knowledge of various fields. At a time when the \u2018Arabs were overshadowed with ignorance, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was considered one of those few individuals who had knowledge of various fields as well as an ability to teach and write.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu<\/strong>\u2019s acceptance of Isl<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Officially, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu accepted Isl\u0101m during the conquest of Makah. In reality, however, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had accepted Isl\u0101m well before the conquest of Makah, but due to difficulties that would have been imposed on him, he was unable to openly express his acceptance of Isl\u0101m.<\/p>\n

The famous historian, Al W\u0101qid\u1fd1 (d.207 AH), writes that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had accepted Isl\u0101m after the agreement of \u1e24udaybiyyah, however, he kept his acceptance of Isl\u0101m hidden and only expressed it on the day that Makah was conquered. [18]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu himself mentions as to why he kept his acceptance of Islam hidden until the day that Makah was conquered.<\/p>\n

Thus, the erudite historian, Ibn Sa\u2019d (d.230 AH) reports:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064f\u062c\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI had accepted Islam before the \u2018Umratul Qadh<\/em>\u0101\u2019<\/em>, however, I feared to leave for Madinah as my mother would tell me \u201cif you go, then we will stop providing you with your basic necessities\u201d\u201d. Due to this and many other reasons, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu only expressed his acceptance of Islam, along with his father, on the day that Makah was conquered.\u201d\u201d[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

It is for this reason that we see that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not participate in the Battle of Badr, the Battle of U\u1e25ud, the Battle of the trenches or the Battle of \u1e24udaybiyyah on the side of the non-Muslims. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not participate in these battles even though \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was a teenager at the time and his father was the leader of the non-Muslims. In fact, teenagers of similar age to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu participated in opposition to the Muslims. In consideration of all these factors, it is apparent that the truthfulness of Isl\u0101m was embedded in the heart of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu from a young age.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu<\/strong>\u2019s Relationship with the Prophet <\/strong>\u1e62<\/strong>allall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam<\/strong><\/p>\n

After accepting Isl\u0101m, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu remained in the service of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and was the cornerstone of a special group of people who were assigned to write the divine revelation. This group would write down whatever was revealed upon the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and would also write the various letters that would be sent from the court of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam.<\/p>\n

It was due to his post of writing the divine revelation that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was given the title:<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u062d\u0652\u064a\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u2018K<\/em>\u0101tibul Wa<\/em>\u1e25y<\/em>\u2019 \u2013 the writer of revelation\u201d[20]<\/a><\/p>\n

We do not need to discuss how the delicate responsibility of writing the divine revelation required one to be incredibly dexterous, reliable, trustworthy, knowledgeable and of deep understanding.<\/p>\n

Due to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s continuous service of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, his reliability, his trustworthiness and other praiseworthy qualities, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam made du\u2019<\/em>\u0101<\/em>for \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu on many occasions.<\/p>\n

In the famous book of Hadith, Sunan Al-Tirmidhi<\/em>, it is recorded that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam made the following du\u2019<\/em>\u0101<\/em> for \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh Allah! Make him (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) a person who guides and is guided, and guide others through him\u201d[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

In another narration, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam made the following du\u2019\u0101:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh Allah! Teach Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah the book (the Qur\u2019\u0101n) and \u1e24is<\/em>\u0101b<\/em> and save him from punishment\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

The famous \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101b\u1fd1, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Amr ibn Al \u2018\u0100s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu states that he heard the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh Allah! Teach him (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) the book (the Qur\u2019\u0101n) and grant him a place to live in the various cities and save him from punishment\u201d[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

It is apparent from the above \u1e24adith that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had prophesied and made du\u2019\u0101 that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would one day become a leader and caliph.<\/p>\n

Hence, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu himself narrates that he once took some water for wudh\u016b to the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam. The Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam performed wudhu with the water and then looked at me and said:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah! If you are ever delegated to lead, then fear Allah and be just\u201d<\/p>\n

Some narrations mention that after this, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhosoever does good, pay attention to him and show mercy to him, and whosoever does evil, forgive him\u201d[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

After narrating this \u1e24ad\u1fd1th, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu states:<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter listening to this statement of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, I felt that I would certainly be tested with this responsibility [of leadership] and so that is what happened; (I was made a leader)\u201d[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

From these narrations, we may discern the status that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had in the eyes of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and the amount of love that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had for \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

In one narration, it is mentioned that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam called \u1e24adhrat Ab\u016b Bakr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu for consultation in a matter. However, both individuals were unable to give an opinion, so the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u062d\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cCall Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah and present the matter to him, for he is capable and reliable\u201d<\/p>\n

However, this narration has a weak chain of narration.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

In another narration, it is mentioned that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam was sitting on his animal and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was sitting behind the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam. After a while, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah! What part of your body is touching my body?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied:<\/p>\n

\u201cOh Prophet of Allah! My heart is touching your blessed body.\u201d<\/p>\n

Upon hearing this, the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh Allah! Fill it with knowledge\u201d[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

When \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s father, \u1e24adhrat Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu accepted Isl\u0101m, he came to the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and said:<\/p>\n

\u201cOh Messenger of Allah! Before accepting Isl\u0101m, I used to fight against the Muslims, command me now to fight the disbelievers and carry out the noble war (Jih\u0101d) against them\u201d<\/p>\n

The Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u201cOf course! Carry out the noble war (Jih\u0101d) against them\u201d[28]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hence, after accepting Isl\u0101m, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu participated in various battles with the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and fought a noble war (Jih\u0101d) against the disbelievers.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu participated in the Battle of \u1e24unayn and the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam gave \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu 100 camels and 8 kilograms of silver from the booty gained from the tribe of Haw\u0101zin.[29]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu <\/strong>in the Eyes of the <\/strong>\u1e62<\/strong>a<\/strong>\u1e25<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>bah<\/strong><\/p>\n

From the above A\u1e25\u0101dith, we have established the close bond that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had with \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and we have understood the clear virtues of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

Apart from this, there are many statements recorded from the illustrious \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah which indicate towards the high status that the \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah gave to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

Once, a person began to criticise \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in the presence of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied:<\/p>\n

\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0649 \u0642\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0634\u064d \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0651\u064e\u0636\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0643\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0630\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDo not criticise this young man from the Quraish, [whose forbearance is such that] he laughs when he is angry, [who is such that] whatever he has cannot be attained except by pleasing him, [who is such that] if you wish to attain that which is on his head, then you would have to lower yourself down to his feet\u201d[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

On another occasion, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu said:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh people! Do not create divisions between yourselves after me, and if you do so, then know that [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] is in Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>\u201d[31]<\/a>[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say:<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0643\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cYou [the people] praise the tactical wit of Caesar and Khosroes, even though you have [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019] amongst you!\u201d[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

One can also discern the stature that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had in the eyes of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu by the fact that after the demise of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s brother, \u1e24adhrat Yaz\u1fd1d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu appointed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n

The world knows that \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was extremely cautious in appointing his governors, such that he would not appoint an individual as a governor until he had gained complete satisfaction that the individual was the most suitable candidate. After this, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would remain watchful over this individual and would remove him if he felt that he was not fulfilling his responsibilities diligently. Hence, the fact that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu remained the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> until \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s demise shows that \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had complete reliance upon \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

After the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu came the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu also had complete reliance upon \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and would consult \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in all of the important matters that came before him. Not only did \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu maintain \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s position as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>, he also appointed him as the governor of the areas surrounding Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> including Jordan, Homs, Qinnasrin and Palestine.<\/p>\n

After this, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was martyred and the people took a pledge of allegiance upon the hands of \u1e24adhrat ‘Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. It was during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat ‘Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu that a difference of opinion occurred between \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat ‘Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu over the retribution for the killers of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. This difference of opinion led to a war (Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n) between the two and became a cause of disunity between the Muslims. However, as any intellectual would know, both parties of this war had a common purpose; to protect and elevate the religion of Isl\u0101m. For this reason, neither party was afraid to admit the religious standing and personal accolades of the other party.<\/p>\n

\u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah reports that when \u1e24adhrat ‘Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu returned from the Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n, he said:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650! \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0624\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0633\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh people! Do not disapprove of the governance of [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] because indeed if you lose him, you will see heads roll off their shoulders as though they are colocynths falling off trees\u201d[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

Let us now look at the \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah other than the four caliphs, and inspect the status that they gave to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

Once, a person complained to \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu regarding the jurisprudential practices of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu responded:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cSurely he is a Faq<\/em>\u1fd1<\/em>h<\/em> (one who understands the rulings of Shari\u2019ah)\u201d<\/p>\n

In another narration, it states that \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied with the words:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cSurely he (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) has stayed in the company of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam\u201d[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s statement indicates that merely spending time with the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam is such a blessed privilege that there is no honour greater than it.<\/p>\n

Similarly, once the freed slave of \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu came to \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and complained that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu prayed one rak\u2019ah for Wi<\/em>\u1e6d<\/em>r <\/em>\u1e62<\/em>al<\/em>\u0101<\/em>h<\/em> instead of three, \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cHe (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) is correct my son, there is none from amongst us more knowledgeable than [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

From the above, the recognition that \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu gave to the knowledge and jurisprudential abilities of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu is apparent. This was \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s qualities in respect of religion. In terms of character, \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu states:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI have not seen anyone more worthy of being a leader than [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

The statement of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umayr ibn Sa\u2019d Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu has been recorded in the famous books of \u1e24ad\u1fd1th including Sunan Al Tirmidh<\/em>\u1fd1<\/em> that \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu \u2018removed \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umayr ibn Sa\u2019d Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu \u2018from the governance of Homs and replaced him with \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. Some people expressed their displeasure at this decision, to which \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umayr ibn Sa\u2019d Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu responded by stating:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDo not mention [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] except with goodness for surely I have the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say \u201cOh Allah! Make him (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) a means of guidance\u201d\u201d[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu said:<\/p>\n

\u201cI have not seen anyone more worthy of leadership than [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Sa\u2019d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Waqq\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, who was one of the ten \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah that were granted the glad tiding of Jannah in this world and who remained impartial during the war between \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, used to say:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0635\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0650 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI have not seen anyone after [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Uthm\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] more just in his rulings than the individual of this door, i.e. [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Qabi\u1e63ah ibn J\u0101bir Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu said:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0645\u064e \u062d\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u062f\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0641\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI have not seen a person with more forbearance, more worthiness of leadership, more dignity, more soft-heartedness or more rigorousness in good deeds than [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

From these few incidents, one can see how highly the \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah viewed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu<\/strong> in the Eyes of the Tabi\u2019\u016bn<\/strong><\/p>\n

How did the Tabi\u2019\u016bn (the companions of the \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah) view \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu? One may glean at the answer to this by considering that during his caliphate, \u2018Umar ibn \u2018Abdil Az\u1fd1z Ra\u1e25imahullah did not whip anyone with lashes except an individual who insulted \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) has mentioned that the famous Tabi\u2019\u1fd1\u2019, \u2018Abdullah ibn Al Mub\u0101rak (d.181 AH) was asked regarding \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, he replied:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhat can I say regarding this person? A person who prayed \u1e62al\u0101h behind the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and when the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u0645\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cMay Allah listen to the one who praises Him\u201d<\/p>\n

He said:<\/p>\n

\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062f\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh our Lord! For You is all praise\u201d\u201d<\/p>\n

The same \u2018Abdullah ibn Al Mub\u0101rak (d.181 AH) was once asked: \u201cWho is more virtuous: \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu or \u2018Umar ibn \u2018Abdil Az\u1fd1z?\u201d[43]<\/a><\/p>\n

The questioner purposefully compared a \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101b\u1fd1 who has been wrongly accused of many things with a greatly respected Tabi\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 whose high stature is acknowledged by the entire Ummah. So, upon hearing this question, \u2018Abdullah ibn Al Mub\u0101rak (d.181 AH) became infuriated and said:<\/p>\n

\u201cYou are asking me to compare between these two people?! I swear by Allah! The dust that went into \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s nose whilst the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam performed the noble war (Jih\u0101d) is more virtuous than \u2018Umar ibn \u2018Abdil Aziz\u201d<\/p>\n

A similar question was asked of Ma\u2019\u0101f\u1fd1 ibn \u2018Imr\u0101n (d.185 AH) who also became infuriated and said:<\/p>\n

\u201cHow can a Tabi\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 ever be equal to a \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bi? \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu is the companion of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, his sister was married to the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, he wrote down and protected the divine revelation, so how can a Tabi\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 reach his status?\u201d<\/p>\n

After this, Ma\u2019\u0101f\u1fd1 ibn \u2018Imr\u0101n (d.185 AH) narrated the following \u1e24adith of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam in which the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam said:<\/p>\n

\u201cWhosoever speaks ill of my companions or my family, Allah\u2019s curse be upon him\u201d.[44]<\/a><\/p>\n

A\u1e25naf ibn Qays (d.72 AH) was a famous Tabi\u2019\u1fd1\u2019; known amongst the Arabs for his great forbearance. He was once asked:<\/p>\n

\u201cWho had more forbearance? You or \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu?\u201d<\/p>\n

A\u1e25naf ibn Qays (d.72 AH) replied:<\/p>\n

\u201cI swear by Allah, I have never met a person more ignorant than you, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had forbearance and had the capability [of acting upon his forbearance], and I have forbearance yet do not have the capability [of acting upon my forbearance]. So how can I be considered better than him? Or equal to him?\u201d<\/p>\n

Biography of <\/strong>\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu<\/strong><\/p>\n

As we have discussed earlier, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was born five years before the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam was granted Prophethood. He announced his acceptance of Isl\u0101m on the day of the conquest of Makah. After the demise of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu remain engaged in performing the noble war (Jih\u0101d) in Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> and its surroundings.<\/p>\n

It was during this period that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu participated in the Battle of Yam\u0101mah. It is the view of some historians that it was \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu who dealt the final blow to Musaylamah Al Kath\u0101b (Musaylamah the liar). However, the correct view is that it was \u1e24adhrat Wa\u1e25sh\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu who threw a spear at Musaylamah and killed, whilst \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and others assisted in the killing.[45]<\/a><\/p>\n

Then, during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, in the 19th<\/sup> year after the Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu commanded \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s brother, \u1e24adhrat Yaz\u1fd1d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, who was the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> at the time, to conquer the land of Caesarea. Caesarea was a famous city of the Byzantine Empire and was a command base for the troops of the Byzantine Empire.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Yaz\u1fd1d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu besieged the city of Caesarea, however, due to the lengthy period of the siege, he left \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in charge of the Muslim army and went to Damascus. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu maintained the siege of Caesarea and in Shaww\u0101l of the 19th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu conquered the city of Caesarea.<\/p>\n

Sadly, in Dhul Qa\u2019dah of the 19th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Yaz\u1fd1d ibn Ab\u1fd1 Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu passed away in a plague. \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was extremely saddened by his demise and after a short while, he appointed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu used to receive 1000 dirhams every month as a governor and served this post for four years during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu until \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s demise.[46]<\/a><\/p>\n

After the passing of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was made the caliph of the Muslims. \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu maintained \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s post as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> and also appointed him as the governor of the new surrounding lands that had been conquered by the Muslims.[47]<\/a><\/p>\n

During the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu served as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> for approximately 12 years and during this period, he continued his campaigns in propagating the religion of Islam through the noble war (Jih\u0101d).[48]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the 25th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu took up a noble war (Jih\u0101d) against the Byzantine Empire and reached the land of Amorium with the Muslim army whilst making army bases along the way.[49]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cyprus was an extremely valuable and beautiful province of the Byzantine Empire close to Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>. It was the only gateway to conquering Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> and Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em> from Europe, therefore Cyprus was an important place as Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> and Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em>, which were now completely under Muslim control, could not be protected until a voyage were to be taken to conquer this land. It was for this reason that during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had his eyes set on this beautiful and important island. He had asked \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu on many occasions to give him permission to take a voyage to conquer Cyprus. \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, understanding the difficulties associated with sea travel and due to other strategic reasons, did not give \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu the permission to conquer Cyprus.<\/p>\n

However, when \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu became the caliph, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu sought permission to conquer the land of Cyprus, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu granted him permission to do so. So, in the 27th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu prepared the first ever Muslim army to travel across water in order to carry out a noble war (Jih\u0101d).[50]<\/a><\/p>\n

This was the first occasion in the history of the Isl\u0101m in which a voyage was performed with the intention of carrying out a noble war (Jih\u0101d).<\/p>\n

All\u0101mah Ibn Khald\u016bn Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.808 AH) writes:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was the first caliph to prepare the Muslims for a voyage with the intention of carrying out a noble war (Jih\u0101d)\u201d.[51]<\/a><\/p>\n

By being the first individual to prepare a voyage with the intention of carrying out a noble war (Jih\u0101d), \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu not only achieved an incredible personal feat, he also became the recipient of a great honour given by the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam to the first army to cross water with the intention of carrying out a noble war (Jih\u0101d), which was that such an army would enter paradise.[52]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hence, Im\u0101m Bukh\u0101r\u1fd1 (d.256 AH) has narrated the following \u1e24ad\u1fd1th of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064f \u062c\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0634\u064d \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe first army from my nation to cross water in order to carry out a noble war (Jih\u0101d) have certainly made paradise compulsory upon themselves\u201d<\/p>\n

In the 27th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu departed to conquer Cyprus and in the 28th<\/sup>year after Hijrah, he successfully conquered the land of Cyprus and implemented the tax (jizyah) upon its people.[53]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the 33rd<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu conquered Afrantinah<\/em>, Multiyyah<\/em> and some of the various fortresses of the Byzantine Empire.[54]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the 35th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, the war of th<\/em>u<\/em> kashab<\/em> (\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u062e\u0634\u0628<\/strong>) occurred in which \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu participated as the commander of the Muslims.<\/p>\n

In the 36th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was martyred. After this, the well-known battles, the Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n and the Battle of the Camel occurred.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was of the view that \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had been murdered unjustly and thus demanded that no leniency be shown in exacting retribution from the killers of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. He disagreed that the killers of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu be shown leniency or take any part in the issue of the caliphate.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, an incident mentioned by \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) in Al Bid<\/em>\u0101<\/em>yah Wal Nih<\/em>\u0101<\/em>yah<\/em> clearly shows \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s reasons for dissenting with \u1e24adhrat \u2018Ali Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and puts an end to the false rumours that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s actions were a result of a desire to rule.<\/p>\n

Hence, \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) writes:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064d \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u061f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650! \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIt has reached us through many chains of narration that Ab\u016b Muslim Al Khawl\u0101n\u1fd1 and a group of people with him came to [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and asked him \u201cyou are dissenting with [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], [do you believe] you are equivalent to him in stature?\u201d He (\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) replied \u201cI swear by Allah! Surely I know that he is superior, more virtuous and more worthy of leadership than me, however, do you not know that [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Uthm\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] was unjustly killed? And I am his cousin brother, I would like retribution for his blood and this is my right. So [go to \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and] tell him \u201chand over the killers of [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Uthm\u0101n [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and I shall leave the caliphate for him\u201d\u201d. The group then went to [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and talked to him regarding hat had occurred, however, [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Al\u1fd1 [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] did not hand over the killers to him (due to the precarious position that he was in). At this point, the people [of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>] prepared to join [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] in war\u201d[55]<\/a><\/p>\n

After the above-mentioned incident, how can there be any basis for the claims that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s actions were based on a desire to rule?<\/p>\n

One may also understand the reality of the situation by reading a letter that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu wrote to the Byzantine Emperor. The Byzantine Emperor wanted to take advantage of the discord that had occurred between \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu as he had seen that the dispute would soon lead to a war, he, therefore, positioned his army on the borders of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> in order to prepare for an attack on Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>. Upon discovering this, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu wrote a letter to the Emperor, the letter read:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u063a\u064e\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u0623\u064f\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064e \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064e \u062d\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIf what I have learnt that you have positioned your army in preparation for war is true, [then remember!] If you do this, I shall make peace with my companion (\u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu) and I shall be at the forefront of his army that shall be sent to you, and I shall turn Constantinople into a foul black ember\u201d[56]<\/a><\/p>\n

When this letter reached the Byzantine Emperor, he held back his army and aborted his plans as he knew that these people are a united body in their war against disbelief and that their dispute is not one based on political leadership.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, this unfortunate war between \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu took place. In truth, the real perpetrators of the war were those corrupt individuals from amongst both parties who spread false rumours and ignited the flames of war.<\/p>\n

In the 37th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, the Battle of \u1e62iff\u1fd1n took place. 70, 000 combatants joined forces with \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, this included many \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah and many Tabi\u2019\u016bn. The war between \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu continued for a period of 4-5 years.[57]<\/a><\/p>\n

After this, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was martyred in a coordinated assassination which involved an attempt on \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s life as well.[58]<\/a> After the demise of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, his eldest son, \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, assumed the role of the caliph. \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had always been adamant in forming a peace pact and avoiding conflict. Although in the beginning, a few corrupt individuals surrounding him attempted to fuel the flames of hatred, \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not listen to them and in the 41st<\/sup> year after Hijrah, he handed over the caliphate to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu reciprocated this act of goodwill by providing \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu with a yearly maintenance of 100,000 dirhams.[59]<\/a><\/p>\n

In discussing the resolution that occurred between \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24asan Al Ba\u1e63ri Ra\u1e25imahullah states:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064f \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0635\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0628\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064c\u0648 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0624\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u061f \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652\u061f \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI swear by Allah, [\u1e24adhrat] \u1e24asan [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] faced [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] with an army the size of a mountain. So [\u1e24adhrat] \u2018Amr ibnul \u2018\u0100s [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] said \u201csurely I see two armies which shall not leave except that a huge war shall occur\u201d, [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] said \u201cTell me! If this army kills that army and that army kills this army, then who will look after the affairs of the Muslims? Who will take care of the Muslim women? And who will look after the wealth of the Muslims and the orphans?\u201d[60]<\/a><\/p>\n

We can see from this incident the worry and concern that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had for the Muslims and the disdain that he had for inner-quarrelling between the Muslims.<\/p>\n

Apart from this, \u2018All\u0101mah Ibn Khald\u016bn Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.808 AH) narrates that when \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu decided to form a peace agreement with \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, he sent a white piece of paper with his stamp at the bottom of the paper. He told the messenger to tell \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu to add onto the paper whatever conditions he felt appropriate.[61]<\/a> So, \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu added a few conditions onto the paper and in the 41st<\/sup> year after Hijrah, a peace treaty was formed between \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and the Muslims unanimously pledged their allegiance to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu as the caliph. In the history of Isl\u0101m, this year is referred to as \u2018the year of the group\u2019 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>) as a remembrance that this was the year in which the Muslims who had been divided for many years, once again became one, and once again the Ummah pledged their allegiance to one caliph.[62]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) narrates that when \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu returned to Madinah, an individual began to insult him due to the peace treaty that he had formed with \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat \u1e24asan Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu responded:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f<\/strong> \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDo not say that for surely I heard the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say \u201cthe coming of the day and night will not stop until [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] will become the leader. I knew that Allah\u2019s will would occur and therefore, I did not prefer that the blood of the Muslims be spilt between him and me\u201d[63]<\/a><\/p>\n

After \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu became the leader of the believers, the tradition of the noble war (Jih\u0101d) that had halted since the time of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was resumed. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu continued his campaign against the Byzantine Empire and fought 16 wars against them.[64]<\/a> In fact, he made two factions to his army, one that would fight in the summer and one that would fight in the winter.[65]<\/a>Such was his desire to conquer the Byzantine Empire that his final bequest was:<\/p>\n

\u0634\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e \u062e\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cStrangle the neck of Byzantine Empire\u201d[66]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the 49th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu prepared a mighty army to attack Constantinople, with the leader of the army being Sufy\u0101n ibn \u2018Awf. Many illustrious \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah participated in this war and this was the war that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had prophesied in his life and said regarding its participants:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064f \u062c\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0634\u064d \u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0637\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0645\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe first army to fight Constantinople will have their sins forgiven\u201d[67]<\/a><\/p>\n

It was during \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s caliphate that the Muslims laid siege to the prized island of Sicily and gained a huge amount of wealth as booty. It was also during \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s caliphate that the area between Sijistan and Kabul and the entire land of Sudan were conquered.<\/p>\n

I will present a summarised timetable of the various wars that occurred during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and all the lands conquered in the process. This is with exception to the lands that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had already conquered during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and Hadhrat Uthman Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Date after Hijrah<\/strong><\/td>\n\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s<\/strong> military achievements<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\nAdvances towards the land of Cyprus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nConquers Cyprus[68]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nConquers the areas surrounding Constantinople[69]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nConquers various fortresses from Afrantiyyah<\/em>, Multiyyah<\/em> and the Byzantine Empire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nLeads the war of th\u016b kashab<\/em> (\u0630\u0648 \u062e\u0634\u0628<\/strong>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nBegins attack upon Sijistan and conquers some of Sindh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nConquers Sudan and more land of Sijistan[70]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nConquers Kabul and the Muslims reach the land of Qand\u0101bil of Hindustan[71]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nBegins campaign upon Africa and swathes of land are conquered[72]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nSicily is attacked and great booties of war are acquired<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Facial Features<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was a handsome looking man. He was of white complexion and his face expressed the qualities of kindness and forbearance.[73]<\/a><\/p>\n

Aslam, the freed slave \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu states:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0636\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu came to us and he was the most handsome and good-looking from the people\u201d[74]<\/a><\/p>\n

Along with this outer beauty, Allah had blessed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu with immense personal qualities. Hence, he was an embodiment of justice, such that \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say:<\/p>\n

\u201cYou [people] praise the political ability of Caesar and Khosroes, even though you have [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] amongst you\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu <\/strong>as a Leader<\/strong><\/p>\n

The strength of the Muslims increased under the rule of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. Since the time of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, due to the unrest between the Muslims, the tradition of conquering lands had halted. Once the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu began, this tradition gained new life.<\/p>\n

Since the time of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Uthm\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had prepared a navy for which he made \u2018Abdullah ibn Qays the chief officer. During his caliphate, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu advanced his naval force and created many bases near the coastal areas of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> and Mi<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>r<\/em> such that 1,700 ships would be ready to go to war. His naval commander was Jun\u0101dah ibn Abi Umayyah.<\/p>\n

Through this magnificent naval force, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu managed to conquer Cyprus, Rhodes, and other important Greek islands. It was also through his naval force that he attacked Constantinople.<\/p>\n

A postal system for the military was already in place during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, however, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu structured and integrated this department such that the entire kingdom could use a postal system. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu also created a new department by the name of Diw<\/em>\u0101<\/em>n Kh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>tam<\/em> (which ensured that high-level security letters could not be tampered with).[75]<\/a> Also, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu appointed servants to look after the Ka\u2019bah and covered the Ka\u2019bah with a beautiful cover made from silk.[76]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu remained a caliph for 19 years. In analysing the caliphate, \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Kath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.774 AH) says:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u064f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0648\u0652\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0644\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0641\u0652\u062d\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0648\u064d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAnd the people were unanimous in pledging their allegiance to him in the 41st<\/sup> year [after Hijrah] as mentioned, he remained the caliph from this year till the year of his death.\u00a0 [During this period] the noble war (Jih\u0101d) in the lands of the enemies continued, the booty continued to pour into the Baytul M\u0101l from the various lands and the Muslims lived in peace, harmony, justice and mutual forgiveness\u201d[77]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu paid great attention in being just and fulfilling the rights of others.<\/p>\n

Muj\u0101hid Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.102 AH) would say:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIf you saw [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], then you would say \u201cthis is the Mahd\u1fd1\u201d\u201d[78]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ab\u016b Ish\u0101q Al Sab\u1fd1\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.129 AH) would say:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIf you saw [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] or lived during his caliphate, you would have said that he is the Mahd\u1fd1\u201d[79]<\/a><\/p>\n

Similarly, once during the gathering of Al-A\u2019mash Ra\u1e25imahullah, a discussion began over \u2018Umar ibn \u2018Abdil Az\u1fd1z, Al A\u2019mash Ra\u1e25imahullah said:<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you had lived during the caliphate of [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu], then you would have known\u201d. The people asked: \u201c[Are you referring to] his forbearance?\u201d He replied: \u201cNo! I swear by Allah! [I am referring to] his justice and fairness\u201d.[80]<\/a><\/p>\n

It was due to these qualities that A\u2019mash Ra\u1e25imahullah would remember \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu by the name:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0641\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe book\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s caliphate was considered a success from all perspectives. He kept the Muslims happy during this period and they lived a life of peace and serenity.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu put forward many systems to improve the services provided to the people. From amongst these systems that he put in place, one was that he made one individual responsible from each tribe to check whether a child had been born in the tribe and to check whether any guests had come to visit the tribe. If a child was born, this individual would write down the child\u2019s name and an allowance would be allocated for the child from the Baytul M\u0101l.[81]<\/a><\/p>\n

Im\u0101m Bukh\u0101ri Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.256 AH) has mentioned in his book, Al Adab Al Mufrad<\/em>, that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu ordered that the names of the thieves and criminals of each area be listed on a piece of paper. Apart from this, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu opened up rivers, built mosques and made many other changes for the betterment of the Muslims. Due to these favours, the people loved \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and were prepared to give their lives for him.<\/p>\n

\u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn Taymiyyah Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.728 AH) writes:<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0633\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062e\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u062b\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u062e\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c[\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u2019s relationship with his people was that of the best of leaders. His people loved him. It has been established in the two authentic books (\u1e62a\u1e25i\u1e25 Al Bukh\u0101ri and \u1e62a\u1e25i\u1e25 Muslim) from the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam that he said \u201cthe best of your leaders are the ones that you love and they love you and you send salutations upon them and they send salutations upon you\u201d<\/p>\n

It was for this reason that the people of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em> were ready to give their lives for him and would fulfil his commands with enthusiasm. Thus, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Al\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu once proclaimed to his army:<\/p>\n

\u201cHow interesting is it that [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] calls completely ignorant people and they listen to him and follow him without any reward and once or twice in a year he takes the same people wherever he wants. However, I call you and even though you have intelligence and are given rewards, you still do not listen to me, stand up against me and continue to oppose me?!\u201d<\/p>\n

One of the reasons why the people of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu loved \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was that he considered a calamity upon even one individual as a calamity upon himself and he would go out of his way in alleviating the individual from his calamity. This may be understood from a short incident. \u1e24adhrat Th\u0101bit Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, who was the freed slave of \u1e24adhrat Sufy\u0101n Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, states that he participated in one the battles against the Byzantine Empire with \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. During the battle, a soldier fell off his ride and was unable to get up, he began to call for help. The first individual to assist him was none other than \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

Other than the general historians who have described these unique features of the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, even the historians from the Sh\u1fd1\u2019ah sect have been obliged to admit the success of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s caliphate. Hence, the Shi\u2019\u1fd1\u2019 historian, Am\u1fd1r \u2018Al\u1fd1, writes:<\/p>\n

\u201cOverall, [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u2019s caliphate was in terms of inner relations, very pleasant and peaceful and from an outside perspective, it was very successful\u201d.<\/p>\n

The reason for this was that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would take a huge amount of interest in the on-goings between the general Muslims and would listen to their complaints attentively after which he would take measures to alleviate their problems.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Daily Routine<\/strong><\/p>\n

The famous historian, Al-Mas\u2019\u016bd\u1fd1 (d.346 AH) has captured the daily routine of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in great detail.<\/p>\n

Al-Mas\u2019\u016bd\u1fd1 (d.346 AH) writes[82]<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would pray Fajr and then listen to all the reports that would reach him from the various Muslim lands. After this, he would pray the Qur\u2019\u0101n and then go home to fulfil his duties. After performing Ishr\u0101q \u1e62al\u0101h, he would leave his house and seek the counsel of specific people to discuss with them some of the important matters on his mind. After this, breakfast would be bought which would be the left-overs from the supper meal. Following breakfast, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would continue discussing matters with his advisors and would then go home. After a while, he would return to the Mosque and sit leaning upon the pulpit, at this moment, the general Muslims including the weak, the villagers, the children and the women would come to him and explain their needs and problems. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would listen to all of them, fulfil their needs and alleviate their problems. After \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had met all the people and he had fulfilled their needs, no one would be left and so \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would enter the Mosque and meet the respected and honoured members of the Muslim nation. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say to them:<\/p>\n

\u201cOh people! You are labelled the most honourable of people as you have the honour of sitting in this gathering. Therefore, it is incumbent upon you to mention the needs of those who are not present\u201d<\/p>\n

These people would mention the needs of various people and \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would fulfil these needs. He would then eat lunch and have his scribe with him, his scribe would grant admittance one by one to those waiting outside the door. The scribe would read aloud the writings of the various individuals who were granted admittance. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would continue eating and dictate to the scribe the rulings he should write. Whilst the admitted individual would be present, he would also be permitted to eat with \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. After this, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would go home and would return for the \u1e62al\u0101h of \u1e92uhr.<\/p>\n

After \u1e92uhr \u1e62al\u0101h, a special meeting would occur between \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and his ministers in which they would discuss various political issues and form laws. This meeting would continue until the time of \u2018A\u1e63r \u1e62al\u0101h. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would pray \u2018A\u1e63r \u1e62al\u0101h and then remained engaged in various activities until \u2018Ish\u0101 \u1e62al\u0101h. After \u2018Ish\u0101 \u1e62al\u0101h, he would discuss various issues with his officials after which he would discuss matters of knowledge until late into the night\u201d.<\/p>\n

Al-Mas\u2019\u016bd\u1fd1 (d.346 AH) states that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had allocated five times during the day in which the people would have permission to visit him and present their problems.<\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Forbearance, Patience and Calm Character<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had such forbearance that his forbearance had become an example to all. His name had become synonymous with the quality of forbearance such that thinking of the quality of forbearance would be incomplete without thinking of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.<\/p>\n

At times, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s detractors would come to him and speak to him extremely harshly, yet Hadhrat Mu\u2019awiyah Radhiyallahu Anhu would maintain a smile. It was this quality of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu that made tremendously powerful leaders, as well as his detractors, bow their heads before him.<\/p>\n

Thus, Qab\u1fd1\u1e63ah ibn J\u0101bir states:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI have been in the company of [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu] and I have not seen anyone with more patience than him\u201d[83]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ibn \u2018Awn narrates that during the caliphate of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, an average man would stand up and would say to him: \u201cOh Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah! Be good to us or we will straighten you out!\u201d \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would respond: \u201cWith what will you straighten me out?\u201d The man would reply: \u201cWith this stick\u201d. To this \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say: \u201cRight! Then I will become straight\u201d.[84]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Miswar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s story is famous. In the beginning, he opposed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. However, he once brought a need to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu fulfilled his need. Upon fulfilling his need, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu asked: \u201cOh Miswar! Why do you insult and taunt us?\u201d Hadhrat Miswar Radhiyallahu Anhu replied: \u201cOh leader of the believers! Forget about that!\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu responded: \u201cNo, tell me everything that you have said about me\u201d. Upon his command, \u1e24adhrat Miswar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu repeated all the things that he would say regarding \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu calmly listened to all the claims made by \u1e24adhrat Miswar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and soon after, began answering each and every claim. This response of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had such an effect upon \u1e24adhrat Miswar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu that \u1e24adhrat Miswar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would not discuss \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu after this except with words of praise and blessings.[85]<\/a><\/p>\n

The stories of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s patience have filled the books of history. People would come and complain to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, yet he would maintain patience and attend to their complaints. Not only would he remove the difficulties of the complainant, but he would give him gifts as a consolation. Due to this, people would leave his gathering having fallen in love with his conduct.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu himself would say:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe pleasure found in drinking away anger cannot be found in anything else\u201d[86]<\/a><\/p>\n

However, his patience and forbearance were upon the condition that the religion of Isl\u0101m and the Muslim nation were not compromised. It was for this reason that at times, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would stand up for his principles and express displeasure if he felt that the religion of Isl\u0101m or the Muslim nation were being compromised. He would say:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0646\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI will not come between people and their tongues as long as they do not come between us and our [Muslim] nation\u201d[87]<\/a><\/p>\n

Similarly, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu once said:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhere my stick is sufficient, I do not use my sword. Where my tongue is sufficient, I do not use my stick\u201d.[88]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Pardoning, Leniency and Good Character<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apart from the many other qualities that Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la had blessed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu with, He also blessed him with good character and the immense quality of being able to easily pardon others. In this regard, we will mention an interesting story which will show the qualities of patience, forbearance, and obedience towards the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had.<\/p>\n

Once, \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, who was the son of the king of Ha<\/em>\u1e0d<\/em>ramawt<\/em>, came to the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam to accept the religion of Islam. He accepted Isl\u0101m and stayed in the company of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam. When he was returning, he was accompanied by the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam who bought along \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was walking whilst \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu sat on a camel. \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was a prince and had only just entered Islam, he, therefore, did not want \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu to sit with him.<\/p>\n

For a considerable distance, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu continued to walk in the daunting Arabian heat but when his feet began to boil due to the overwhelming heat, he turned to \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and asked: \u201cAllow me to sit with you\u201d. However, \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu still felt the prestige of a prince and so he replied: \u201cHow is possible for me to sit with you? You are not from amongst those people who can sit with kings\u201d. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu pleaded: \u201cFine, just give me your shoes at least so that I can survive the blistering heat\u201d. \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu denied this request and replied: \u201cIt is enough of an honour for you to walk on the rope of my camel which is touching the floor\u201d.<\/p>\n

The summary is that \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not let \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu sit with him on the camel and nor did he give him shoes so that he may avoid burning his feet. It is apparent that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was himself of a high stature, he was the son of a leader of Quraish, however, out of respect for the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not make an objection and continued without a frown.<\/p>\n

Nonetheless, a time came when \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu became the caliph and \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu presented himself before \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu recognised \u1e24adhrat W\u0101il ibn \u1e24ujr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and the entire incident came before \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s eyes. However, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu honoured him and treated with an immense amount of respect. This incident shows the respectful and magnanimous character of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu.[89]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Love for the Prophet Sallallahu Alayhi Wasallam<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had a deep love and connection with the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam. Once, he found that there is a person in Ba\u1e63ra who resembles the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu immediately wrote to the governor saying \u201csend him to me immediately with respect and honour\u201d. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu welcomed the individual, kissed him on his forehead and presented gifts to him.<\/p>\n

It was due to this immense love for the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had kept safe the blessed fingernails, a cloth and the blessed hair of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam for which he made the bequest that the blessed hair be put in his nose, ears and on his eyes after his death.[90]<\/a><\/p>\n

Similarly, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu bought a cloth that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had given to Hadhrat Ka\u2019b ibn Zuhayr Radhiyallahu Anhu.[91]<\/a><\/p>\n

It was due to this immense love for the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu resembled the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam in many of his actions. \u1e24adhrat Ab\u016b Dard\u0101\u2019 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0647 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI have not seen anyone\u2019s \u1e62al\u0101h resemble the \u1e62al\u0101h of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam more your Im\u0101m i.e. [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu]\u201d[92]<\/a><\/p>\n

It was this love that made \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu accept the statements and actions of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam with an open heart.<\/p>\n

Jabalah ibn Suhaim states that he once came to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu during his caliphate and found him with a rope around his neck which a child was pulling. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was playing with the child. Upon seeing this, Jabalah states that he said \u201coh leader of the believers! What are you doing?!\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied:<\/p>\n

\u201cBe quiet! I have heard the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say that when you are with a child, you should behave like the child as it will make the child happy\u201d.[93]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Obedience<\/strong><\/p>\n

An example of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s obedience towards the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam may be understood from a narration found in Mishk<\/em>\u0101<\/em>tul Ma<\/em>\u1e63<\/em>\u0101<\/em>bi<\/em>\u1e25<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The narration states that a peace treaty had occurred between \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and the Byzantine Empire. During the period of the peace treaty, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu began gathering his troops on the borders of the Byzantine Empire. The intention being that as soon as the peace treaty ends, an attack would immediately be launched upon the Byzantine Empire, this would create confusion amongst the Byzantine commanders as they would be baffled as to how the Muslims managed to reach them so quickly, and so they would be ill-prepared to fight allowing the Muslims an easy victory.<\/p>\n

When the peace treaty came to an end, the Muslims attacked the land of the Byzantine Empire, shocked at how the Muslims had managed to attack them so quickly, the Byzantine army did not manage to respond to the Muslims and the land fell into the hands of the Muslims. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was moving ahead after conquering this land when suddenly, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Amr ibn \u2018Abasah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu came to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and shouted:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u063a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c[The quality of a Muslim is] to fulfil oaths and to avoid deceit\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat \u2018Amr ibn \u2018Abasah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu began to say:<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u064c \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0634\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0630\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI heard the Messenger of Allah \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say \u201cwhen one has made a covenant with a people, he must not strengthen or loosen it till its term comes to an end or he brings it to an end in agreement with them (to make both the parties equal).\u201d[94]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat \u2018Amr ibn \u2018Abasah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was intending that just as it is impermissible to attack during the days of a peace treaty, it is impermissible to prepare for an attack during the days of a peace treaty.<\/p>\n

As soon as \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu heard this command of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam, he immediately ordered his army to return and so, the entire army left the land that they had conquered. There is only a possibility that such obedience is found elsewhere that in the midst of conquering a land, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu ordered his troops to retreat due to a single statement of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam.<\/p>\n

Similarly, once \u1e24adhrat Ab\u016b Maryam Al Azdi Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu came to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019awiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu enquired: \u201cWhat is your reason for coming to me?\u201d \u1e24adhrat Ab\u016b Maryam Al Azd\u1fd1 Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied: \u201cI have heard a \u1e24adith which I wanted to narrate to you, the Hadith is that I have heard the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062d\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0627\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062d\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIf Allah puts anyone in the position of authority over the affairs of the Muslims, and he secludes himself (from them), not fulfilling their needs, wants, and their destitution, Allah will keep Himself away from him, not fulfilling his need, want and destitution.\u201d\u201d<\/p>\n

Upon hearing this, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu immediately stood up and ordered that a person is appointed to continuously present the needs of the people to him.[95]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Fear of Allah Ta\u2019ala<\/strong><\/p>\n

We have found many stories which show the fear that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had for Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la. He would always fear the punishment of the day of judgement and would cry profusely when the punishments of the hereafter were mentioned.<\/p>\n

\u1e24\u0101fidh Al Thahab\u1fd1 Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.748 AH) reports in his book on history that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu once came to a Mosque in Damascus for the sermon (Khutbah<\/em>) of Jumu\u2019ah and said:<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064e \u0641\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0637\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAll wealth is ours and all the booty gained from war is ours, we shall give it to whom he want and deprive it from whom we want\u201d<\/p>\n

After saying this, nobody gave him an answer and the matter was left at that. When the next Jumu\u2019ah came, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu repeated these words in his sermon (Khutbah<\/em>), again, nobody said anything. When the third Jumu\u2019ah came, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu repeated these words in his sermon (Khutbah<\/em>), immediately a person stood up and shouted:<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0621\u064f \u0641\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0626\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cNo chance! All wealth is ours and all the booty gained from war is ours, whoever comes between us and our wealth, we will send his matter to Allah using our swords\u201d.<\/p>\n

Upon hearing this, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu came down the pulpit and beckoned the man to follow him inside a room. The people became suspicious and so \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu asked for the doors of the room to be opened and for the people to come in. When the people came in, they saw \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu sitting next to the man, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu then said:<\/p>\n

\u201cMay Allah grant this person a long life! This person has given me life! I had heard the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say:<\/p>\n

\u201cThere will be leaders after me who will say wrong and nobody will rebuke them, such leaders shall go to hell.\u201d<\/p>\n

So when I made this statement in the first Jumu\u2019ah and nobody said anything, I became worried that I may be one of those leaders [that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had described], then the second Jumu\u2019ah took place and again the same thing occurred, so I became even more worried. Then, when the third Jumu\u2019ah came and this individual rebuked me, I felt relieved and confident that I am not from amongst those leaders [that the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam had described].\u201d[96]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Simplicity, Destitution, and Self-Sufficiency<\/strong><\/p>\n

The detractors of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu have worked very hard to create the impression that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was an egocentric person, whereas the reality is the opposite of this.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Ab\u016b Mijlaz Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu narrates that once \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu had to visit a group of people. As he came to visit the group of people, the people began to stand up for him, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu disliked this and said:<\/p>\n

\u201cDo not do this! For I have heard the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam say: \u201cWhosoever wishes that people stand up for him should prepare his seat in the hellfire\u201d.[97]<\/a><\/p>\n

Y\u016bnus ibn Maysarah (d.132 AH) states:<\/p>\n

\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0648\u0642\u0650 \u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0642\u064e \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0635\u064c \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650 \u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0642\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cI saw \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in the markets of Damascus wearing a cloth that had patches on it and he was strolling in the markets of Damascus in this state\u201d[98]<\/a><\/p>\n

Similarly, people once saw \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu give a sermon (Khutbah<\/em>) in Damascus wearing a cloth that had patches on it.[99]<\/a><\/p>\n

This was \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s inner simplicity and self-sufficiency. However, during his time as the governor of Sh<\/em>\u0101<\/em>m<\/em>, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would at times wear elegant clothes with the intention of giving the non-Muslims an impression that the Muslims are well-equipped. At the beginning, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu did not prefer this display of elegance, however, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu responded:<\/p>\n

\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064d \u062c\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0632\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0650\u0632\u0651\u064f \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0625\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0627\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh leader of the believers! We are in such a place where very many spies of the enemy are all around us, therefore, in order to create fear in their hearts, we should display this outward elegance. This is a method through which we can give Islam and the Muslims their due respect as well as strike fear into the hearts of the enemy. However, if you command me [to do something], I shall do it and if you prohibit me [from something], I shall refrain from it\u201d<\/p>\n

Upon hearing this answer, \u1e24adhrat \u2018Abdur Ra\u1e25man ibn \u2018Awf Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu quipped:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0635\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u061f!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh leader of the believers! Look at how he has saved himself from any accusation in the best of ways\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat \u2018Umar Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is why I have placed this great responsibility upon his shoulders\u201d.[100]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Knowledge and Understanding<\/strong><\/p>\n

Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la had blessed \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu an abundance of knowledge and a complete understanding of Shari\u2019ah. \u2018All\u0101mah Ibn \u1e24azm Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.456 AH) states that he was considered one of those \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah who was worthy of giving a Fatw\u0101.[101]<\/a> Hence, \u1e24\u0101fidh Ibn \u1e24ajar Rahimahullah (d.852 AH) has also considered \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu in the middle category of \u1e62a\u1e25\u0101bah who used to issue Fat\u0101w\u0101.[102]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would say regarding \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu:<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cSurely he is one who understands Shar\u1fd1\u2019ah\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu has 163 A\u1e25\u0101d\u1fd1th from the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam.[103]<\/a> The individuals who have narrated A\u1e25\u0101dith from \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu include[104]<\/a>:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Ibn \u2018Abb\u0101s Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Anas ibn M\u0101lik Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah ibn \u1e24udayj Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat \u2018Abdullah ibn Zubayr Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Sa\u2019ib ibn Yaz\u1fd1d Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1e24adhrat Nu\u2019m\u0101n ibn Bash\u1fd1r Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu<\/p>\n

7)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sa\u2019\u1fd1d ibn Al Musayyib Ra\u1e25imahullah<\/p>\n

8)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mu\u1e25ammad ibn S\u1fd1r\u1fd1n Ra\u1e25imahullah<\/p>\n

9)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Alqamah ibn Waqq\u0101s Ra\u1e25imahullah<\/p>\n

10)\u00a0\u00a0 Ab\u016b Idris Al Khawl\u0101ni Ra\u1e25imahullah<\/p>\n

11)\u00a0\u00a0 A\u1e6diya ibn Qays Ra\u1e25imahullah<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was well-known for his sermons. \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu also made an effort to begin a compilation of Islamic history. He asked \u2018Ubayd ibn Shurayyah to gather the stories and incidents of the past, the biographies of the various kings and the roots of each language.[105]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu<\/strong>\u2019s <\/strong>Humour<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu was a very jocular and jovial individual. A person of even the lowest stature would not feel afraid to meet him and would feel free to ask for anything from him.<\/p>\n

Once, an individual came to \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu and said:<\/p>\n

\u201cI am building a house, please assist me in this and give me 12,000 planks of wood\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu enquired:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0643\u064e\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhere is your house [that you are planning to build]?\u201d<\/p>\n

The man replied:<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIn Ba\u1e63rah\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu asked:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat is the width and length of the house?\u201d<\/p>\n

The man said:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cIts length is [about] 6 miles and its width is also [about] 6 miles\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu replied:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627\u064e \u062a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064f\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cDo not say \u201cmy house is in Ba\u1e63rah\u201d, say \u201cBa\u1e63rah is in my house\u201d!\u201d[106]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1e24<\/strong>adhrat Mu\u2019<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>wiyah Radhiyall<\/strong>\u0101<\/strong>hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s <\/strong>Demise<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s entire life was spent in knowledge and practising upon knowledge. He also spent his life rectifying and improving the state of the Muslims as much as he could.<\/p>\n

Yet, when his detractors would accuse him of many baseless accusations, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu would express regret. He was once asked: \u201cWhat has happened? You are growing old so quickly\u201d<\/p>\n

He replied:<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u062d\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0652\u062f\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWhy would it not come? And I constantly see an ignorant man over me who throws various types of accusations towards me and demands that I answer him. If I answer correctly, I am not commended in any way, but if I make a slight error in my answer, it is spread all over the world\u201d[107]<\/a><\/p>\n

In the 60th<\/sup> year after Hijrah, he had reached the age of 78.<\/p>\n

It was during this final illness that \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu made his final sermon. His final sermon included the following words:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633! \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0632\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0639\u064d \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0635\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u062a\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0646 \u064a\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0634\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u063a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u063a\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0639\u0652\u0645\u0650\u062f\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u0650\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u062b\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062b\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064f\u0630\u064f\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652<\/strong> \u062c\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0627\u062d\u0652\u0641\u064e\u0638\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062c\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0641\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cOh people! Surely there are some crops that have reached their time of harvesting. Surely, I was your leader, a better leader will not come after me, and whoever leads after me shall be worse than me just as those who led before me were better than me. Oh Yazid! When my time comes, instruct an intelligent and understanding man to perform my ghusl for an intelligent person has a [high] status by Allah. So, he should perform ghusl properly and should recite the takbir loudly. Then, go to a handkerchief found in my treasures, in it, there is a cloth from the clothes of the Prophet \u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam and [in it] there is a small bundle of his [\u1e62allall\u0101hu \u2018Alayhi Wasallam] hair and nails. Put the hair in my nose, mouth, ears and upon my eyes and put the cloth next to my body upon my kafan. Oh Yazid! Respect the command of Allah with regards to your parents! When you have put me in my kafan and have lowered me in my grave, then leave Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah with the Most Merciful of Merciful Ones\u201d<\/p>\n

After making this bequest, \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s health deteriorated further. Eventually, during the month of Rajab, 60 years after the Hijrah, in the city of Damascus[108]<\/a>, this star of knowledge, forbearance and wisdom went out forever.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0627\u062c\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cSurely we belong to Allah and surely to Him is our return\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu\u2019s Jan\u0101zah \u1e62al\u0101h was led by \u1e0ca\u1e25\u0101k ibn Qays (d.72 AH) and he was buried in Damascus.[109]<\/a> At the time of his death, he was 78 years old.[110]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u2018All\u0101mah Ibn Al Ath\u1fd1r Ra\u1e25imahullah (d.630 AH) narrates that once \u2018Abdul Malik ibn Marw\u0101n (d.86 AH) was passing by the grave of \u1e24adhrat Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu, he stopped at the grave, stood by, and began making du\u2019<\/em>\u0101<\/em>. A person passing by asked \u201cwhose grave is this?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2018Abdul Malik ibn Marw\u0101n (d.86 AH) replied:<\/p>\n

\u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0631\u064e\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064d \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0637\u0650\u0642\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064d \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064f\u062a\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064d \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u063a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the grave of the person who, I swear by Allah, when he would speak, he would speak with knowledge and wisdom, and when he would stay silent, he would stay silent with patience and forbearance, whoever he gave to he made rich and whomsoever he fought he destroyed. Time gave to him quickly that which it gave to others very slowly, from those who came after him. This is the grave of Ab\u016b Abdir Ra\u1e25m\u0101n; [\u1e24adhrat] Mu\u2019\u0101wiyah [Radhiyall\u0101hu \u2018Anhu].\u201d[111]<\/a><\/p>\n

And Allah Ta\u2019\u0101la Knows Best<\/strong>
\nMu\u2019\u0101dh Chati
\nStudent Darul Iftaa
\n<\/strong>Blackburn, England, UK
\nChecked and Approved by,
\nMufti Ebrahim Desai.<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\n

[1]<\/strong><\/a> \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u06c1 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 (<\/strong>37<\/strong>) \u0645\u06a9\u062a\u0628\u06c1 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0686\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n[2]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>526\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[3]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>67\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[4]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>524\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[5]<\/strong><\/a> \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641 \u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0641\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064a\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641\u062a! \u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a! \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0628\u0643\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 (<\/strong>1108\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[6]<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>244-245\/5<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[7]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>526\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[8]<\/strong><\/a> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 (<\/strong>55\/6<\/strong>) \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
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\n\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (<\/strong>56\/6<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628….\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633 (<\/strong>d.1239 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>37<\/strong>) \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[10]<\/strong><\/a> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 (<\/strong>246\/2<\/strong>) \u0623\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[11]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u064a…\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>d.728 AH<\/strong>)<\/strong> (<\/strong>433\/4<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0621\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0621\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629\u061f! \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>d.728 AH<\/strong>)<\/strong> (<\/strong>468\/4<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633 (<\/strong>d.1239 AH<\/strong>)<\/strong> (<\/strong>38<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[12]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>d.856 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>1856\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[13]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>d.774 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>512\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[14]<\/strong><\/a> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 (<\/strong>345\/6<\/strong>) \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0628|\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[15]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>23\/8<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[16]<\/strong><\/a>\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062b\u0643\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 (<\/strong>121\/6<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[17]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0628\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0638\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>513\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[18]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>120\/6<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[19]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>121\/6<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>512\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[20]<\/strong><\/a> Translator\u2019s note:<\/strong> We have omitted the following quotation of Ibn Hazm Rahimahullah:<\/strong>
\n\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0646\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/strong>
\n\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645 (<\/strong>22\/1<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 “\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645” \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>d.774 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>517\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[21]<\/strong><\/a> \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a (<\/strong>169\/6<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[22]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628” \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f (<\/strong>356\/9<\/strong>) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[23]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u062f “\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f”<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f (<\/strong>356\/9<\/strong>) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631<\/strong>\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646: “\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628” \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 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\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>518\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[25]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u0623 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0644” \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>1856\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[26]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646” \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f “\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0645” \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u00a0 (<\/strong>517\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong>[27]<\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0643”\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0623\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627” \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0647\u0631 “\u0648\u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627”<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[28]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 <\/strong>(<\/strong>514\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[29]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u00a0 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong> (<\/strong>512\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[30]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>519\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[31]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>1857\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[32]<\/strong><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: we have omitted the following story mentioned by the author:<\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646! \u0641\u064a\u0645! \u0641\u064a\u0645! \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 (<\/strong>122\/6<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[33]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>66\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong>[34]<\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0635 \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>519\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[35]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>526\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[36]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629! \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>d.774 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>517\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[37]<\/strong><\/a> \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0643\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 “\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627” \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 ” \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a (<\/strong>39\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[38]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>530\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[39]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647” \u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647” \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>517\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[40]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>529\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[41]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>530\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n 
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[42]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>535\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[43]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>534\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[44]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u061f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u061f \u0641\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 “\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646”<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>535\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[45]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>d.774 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>512\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[46]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n \n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>388\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[51]<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (<\/strong>453<\/strong>) \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[52]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>389\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[53]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>513\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[54]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>25\/1<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[55]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>524\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[56]<\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (<\/strong>381\/10<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0626\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0643 \u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0628\u062a<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>514\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621”<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>108\/1<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong>[57]<\/strong>\u0641\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 (<\/strong>1417\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[58]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c) \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645\u061f \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f! \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>607\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[59]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>532\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[60]<\/strong><\/a> \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a (<\/strong>453\/2<\/strong>) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[61]<\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>621\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[62]<\/strong><\/a> \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 (<\/strong>d.856 AH<\/strong>) (<\/strong>1856\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[63]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f:\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>526\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[64]<\/strong><\/a> \u0641\u0623\u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>529\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[65]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>522\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[66]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f \u062e\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>522\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[67]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d “\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645”<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>522\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u062d\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u2013 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u2013 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646” \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 27 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0630\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a (<\/strong>215<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[68]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>521\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[69]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0626\u0630<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 <\/strong>(<\/strong>521\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[70]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u062c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>387\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[71]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>388\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[72]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062c \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>388\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[73]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u062d<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 <\/strong>(<\/strong>1856\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong>[74]<\/strong>\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f (<\/strong>355\/9<\/strong>) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[75]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>66\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[76]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>283\/2<\/strong>) \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[77]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>514\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0[78]<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>530\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[79]<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>233\/6<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[80]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0645: \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0634: \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0647\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>233\/6<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[81]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f\u061f \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>530\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[82]<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a (<\/strong>31\/3<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[83]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (<\/strong>64\/1<\/strong>) \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[84]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong>[85]<\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0637\u0639\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0643 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0639\u0645! \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u064a \u0630\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>529\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[86]<\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a (<\/strong>157\/2<\/strong>) \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[87]<\/strong><\/a> \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0638 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>67\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[88]<\/strong><\/a> Translator\u2019s note: we have omitted the final part of this quote<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0637\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>283\/2<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[89]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0643\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u061f \u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0641\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 (<\/strong>1563\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[90]<\/strong><\/a> …\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a…<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>150\/8<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[91]<\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (<\/strong>88\/2<\/strong>) \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[92]<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>235\/6<\/strong>) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[93]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0642\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647”<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 (<\/strong>153\/1<\/strong>) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[94]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621” \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d (<\/strong>1165\/2<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[95]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0644\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0647” \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>521\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[97]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 “\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0623 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631”<\/strong>
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[98]<\/strong><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>530\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>520\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[101]<\/strong><\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635320<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n\u00a0<\/strong>[102]<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>1856\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[103]<\/strong><\/a> \u0631\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a (<\/strong>148\/1<\/strong>) \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[104]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 (<\/strong>1857\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
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\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>540\/2<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[105]<\/strong><\/a> \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 (<\/strong>118\/1<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[106]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>536\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[107]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0642\u062d \u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>535\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n \n<\/div>\n
\n[108]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>538\/4<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>
\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n[109]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0643<\/strong>
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
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\n\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/div>\n
\n

[111]<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u0649 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (<\/strong>68\/3<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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